Leadership Theories And Styles Of A Leader - 780 Words

This paper covers leadership theories and styles of a leader of choice.I chose our President Barack Obama.He is currently finishing his second term in office.Obama is the first African American democratic President.He’s leadership choices have been praised and criticized just like any otherPresident.In this paper I go over the type of leadership style he follows which is transformational and the contingency theory.He’s personality is also covered. A transformational leader is one that is conscious of the to evoke a change among his people.He wins people over with the visual of that change occurring.A contingency leader makes decision based on relationships, the position of power he has and the structure of the task at hand.There is†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å" A Transformational leader must define and implement goals that will benefit the whole social order, and not just a small section of it.We can therefore define a transformational leader as one who uses i nspiration and education to convert the interest of followers into a motivation achieve socially beneficial ends† (Rusaw,203) Barack Obama personality embodies the following: he is ambitious and confident;he shows dominance and self assurance; accommodating,cooperative and agreeable;kind of outgoing and congenial;and pretty thoughtful .Leaders with this personality are motivated by achievement.Transforming a negative situation to a positive situation is a big achievement.Having a goal oriented personality is the core of a transformational leader. Obama styles of leading matches the contingency theory.He doesn’t have one particular way of leading people. He factors then the talents that his followers possess and how they can contribute along with their backgrounds.This method is useful when you factor in that things are constantly changing.One thing that occurs can not occur again in that exact same context.Perception of leaders and followers can also vary.Recieving feedback helps people adjust their view. When Obama travels to other countries the contingency theory really comes through.He has

Elder Self Neglect And Social Justice - 1668 Words

Elder Self Neglect and Social Justice Nicole Monson Submitted to Instructor Terry Lee, MSN, RN, BC, in partial fulfillment of NR410 Introduction to the Profession of Nursing Regis University January 29, 2017 Introduction Self-neglect in the elderly is an important public health issue. It occurs more frequently than any other form of abuse or neglect and is expected to become even more prevalent as baby boomers retire and government appointed resources for the elderly decrease (MacLeod Douthit, 2015). Elder self-neglect is a social justice issue that involves internal factors such as the health of the older adult and external factors such as access to necessary resources. For nurses to become a part of preventing†¦show more content†¦In Another study, researchers found that a decline in executive function specifically, rather than a decline in overall mental status, was correlated with a risk for self-neglect (Dong et al., 2010). Currently there is a need for more access to support groups that address issues such as alcoholism and mental illness specifically in the elderly population (Bartley et al., 2011). In addition to supporting the needs of those with impaired cognitive function, it is also important to be aware of the challenges a decline in physical function can bring. According to Dong et. al (2010) an increased risk for self-neglect was found in older adults who scored poorly on a test of physical performance. The same relationship was found among those who self-reported reduced physical function (Dong et al., 2010). Abnormal physical performance testing was identified in 76.3% of elder self-neglect cases referred by social services agencies (Dong et al., 2010). It has also been found that elderly adults reported to social services for elder self-neglect had an impairment in the ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (Naik, Burnett, Pickens-Pace, Dyer, 2008). The patient’s physical and mental status are not the only factors that contribute to the prevalence of elder self-neglect; external factors must also be considered. Factors such as living alone, a lack of family involvement andShow MoreRelatedSocial Justice : Elder Self Neglect930 Words   |  4 Pages Social Justice in Elder Self-Neglect Neil Rudis Submitted to Instructor Terry Lee, MSN, RN, in partial fulfillment of NR410 Introduction to the Profession of Nursing Regis University January 18, 2016 Social Justice in Elder Self-Neglect According to the National Center on Elder Abuse (NCEA), by the year 2050, twenty percent of Americans will be age 65 or older (NEEDS PROPER CITATIONpara. 2). A major issue facing the aging adult is the prevalence of elder abuse and neglect. OfRead MoreThe Abuse Of Older Adults1439 Words   |  6 Pages A social issue that is important to acknowledge is the abuse of older people. 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According to the 1985 Elder Abuse Prevention, Identification and Treatment Act, elderly abuse is defined as â€Å"willful infliction of injury, unreasonable confinement, intimidation or cruel punishment with resulting physical harm or pain or mental anguish or the willful deprivation by a caretaker of goods or services which are necessary to avoid physical harm, mental anguish or mental illness†. Most definitions are needs oriented and substitute the terms abuse and neglect to the inability of the caretakers’

The Internal Sources of Finance Free Essays

The Internal Sources of Finance In order to grow your small business into a larger one, it is important to invest in it. And to invest in your business, you need access to finance. Unfortunately, external sources of finance — lenders and investors — are often skeptical of small businesses. We will write a custom essay sample on The Internal Sources of Finance or any similar topic only for you Order Now This can leave you to rely on internal sources of finance for investing in your business. Retained Earnings Retained earnings are an easy source of internal financing to use because they are liquid assets. Retained earnings are the portion of net income that you have retained in your company and not paid out. In a small business, retained earnings are usually paid out to the owners, who often do not draw a budgeted salary. Instead of paying out retained earnings, you can reinvest them into the company. Current Assets Current assets consist of cash or anything that can easily be converted into cash. For example, if your business has stock holdings in other companies, you can divest yourself of those stocks and use the proceeds as a source of financing. You should be careful, however, not to decrease your current assets to levels less than your current liabilities, as this may prevent you from paying off your debts. Fixed Assets Fixed assets are those that are not easily converted to cash. Typically, these assets include equipment, property and factories. Because these assets take time to convert to cash, they cannot be relied on for short-term access to finance. If you have the time, however, you could — for example — sell off some equipment or even property to invest in your business. This is particularly useful if your needs have outgrown some of your fixed assets — for example, if you need to purchase newer equipment. Personal Savings Personal savings are the backbone of many small businesses. If your business doesn’t have the assets to finance your project, you may still have personal finances that you can contribute to the business. This provides an alternative to seeking external investors or loans and allows you to retain control over your business. How to cite The Internal Sources of Finance, Essay examples

Byzantine Essay Research Paper GoldOne kind of free essay sample

Byzantine Essay, Research Paper Gold One sort of metal that the Byzantine # 8217 ; s truly liked to utilize was gold. They got the gold signifier a topographic point called Armenia, and from mines and watercourses in Greece. Byzantine # 8217 ; s described gold as condensed visible radiation from the Sun, and they made it the symbol of incorruptibility, truth, and glorification. It was sometimes assorted with Ag or Cu. Gold was worked to make coins, medallions, enamel plaques, jewellery, elegant dishes for the place, and containers for the church. Gold foil was used in Mosaic regular hexahedrons, book light, and icon picture. Gold wires were even woven into fabrics and used in embellishments. Silver Another type of metal that they liked utilizing tonss was Silver. The got most of their Ag from mines in Armenia and Cyprus. It was used to make plants of art for the church, including cosmetic pavings and icon frames. Not really much personal jewellery was of all time made of Ag, except for talismans. Some of the techniques that they used to work the Ag included carving it, hammering it as a sheet from the rearward side or over a wooden signifier to do a raised image, scratching and trailing, they so filled the channels with a black compound of Ag and other elements, so decorated it with cords made by runing together metal grains or beads to make raised forms on a metal surface. Silver works of art might be wholly meant to copy gold, particularly if they were to be set with gilded enamel plaques and treasures. Icons and Manuscripts Some painters of icon panels were monastics, whereas others were laic creative persons. The profession had considerable prestigiousness, since Saint Luke was believed to hold painted icons ( including the first image of the Virgin Mary ) , and many such creative persons were thought to hold had supernatural assistance in completing their plants. Although in the 6th and 7th centuries painters used both encaustic ( pigment suspended in wax ) and poster paint ( pigment suspended in egg yolk ) to make the colourss of sacred images on wooden panels, by the Middle Byzantine period merely poster paint was used. Painted icons could take the form of a individual rectangular panel, two joined panels, called a diptych ( derived from antediluvian composing tablets ) , or three united panels, called a triptych ( which recall heathen Roman triptychs exposing images of the Gods ) . No round illustrations exist today, but they may hold existed, since they are depicted in other media. Byzantine manuscripts ( literally # 8220 ; written by manus # 8221 ; ) frequently reflected a deep devotedness to Christianity and the province through the epicurean art on the parchment. Scribes, whose main undertaking was making the book, and illuminators, who normally painted images in books after the Scribe had made the text, chiefly worked on transcripts of the Bible, aggregations of saints # 8217 ; lives, and discourses. They besides produced illustrated volumes of classical Greek poesy, play, doctrine, history, and secular poesy, every bit good as manuals on the jurisprudence, veterinary scientific discipline, military tactics, toxicants, and medicative workss. Although amply decorated at times, most of the nonreligious plants had instead simple images that were intended simply to clear up significance. Byzantine illuminators, who sometimes were scribes themselves, were influenced by mosaics, sculpture, and metalwork. To make their plants of art, illuminators foremost made a study in the infinite left by the Scribe, so covered it with opaque colourss. Sometimes the pictures were made on a separate sheet, which was added to the book when it was bound. One of the most common Byzantine book illustrations was the writer # 8217 ; s portrayal in each of the Gospels, in which the revivalist writer is normally shown sitting in his survey, composing or hesitating to reflect, sometimes looking toward the text of the facing page. Ivory Elephant ivories were carved by Byzantine creative persons to make many plants of art, including icons and panels covering furniture and doors . Many Byzantine tusks reached the West, where they embellished book screens. By the 4th century Constantinople was a centre of tusk carving. Although records indicate that tusk Carvers passed on their accomplishments to their kids, we have no cognition of their production methods. Dependent on trade with Africa and India, the handiness of tusk in Byzantium fluctuated widely over the centuries. For case, tusk carving at Constantinople was interrupted in the late sixth and 7th centuries by Arab invasions in the Middle East, which cut Byzantium off from its supplies. When the art signifier was resumed in the 10th century, its subjects were both spiritual and secular. In the 12th century the supply of tusk to Byzantium seems to hold vanished, possibly because it was diverted at its beginning to the West. Byzantine tusk Carvers so used seahorse or narwhale ivories, bone, and soapstone ( soaprock ) . Mosaic Although Byzantine creative persons frequently painted walls with images on fresh plaster ( called frescoes ) , mosaic was the most luxuriant and expensive signifier of ornament for the walls of churches and castles. Perfected by Byzantine creative persons during the eleventh and 12th centuries, Byzantine mosaics were so admired that mosaicists from Byzantium even traveled to Italy and the Kievan Rus # 8217 ; to pattern their art. To make their mosaics, Byzantine artists employed lasting multicolored rock and marble pieces every bit good as regular hexahedrons ( called tesserae ) of more delicate stuffs, such as brick or terracotta, semiprecious treasures, and opaque colored glass to make their wall mosaics. They besides made gold and Ag regular hexahedrons by sandwiching foil between beds of semitransparent glass. Tesserae were produced in many sizes, with the tiniest being used to pattern faces. To make a mosaic, the creative person foremost covered a wall with one or more beds of plaster. A concluding bed of howitzer was assorted with crushed clayware, called a scene bed, and frequently guidelines were painted on it. Finally the creative person pressed the mosaic cubes into the scene bed, implanting them at different angles to make a aglitter consequence when visible radiation struck them. Depending on the size of the tesserae used, a mosaicist could possibly cover up to four metres ( about 15 pess ) of wal l a twenty-four hours with mosaics. Silk The term silk refers to the narrations and fabrics made with fibrils from the cocoons of several species of moth, particularly the Bombyx mori, which feeds on white mulberry foliages and was cultivated in ancient China. Silk was ever considered a luxury merchandise in Byzantium ; it was sold by weight and bought on guess. Byzantium foremost imported silk from China and elsewhere ; so, in the twelvemonth 553/4, under Emperor Justinian I, silk moth eggs were reportedly smuggled into the imperium by some monastics who had learned the secrets of silk production in the Far East. From the 7th century onward the centre of the Byzantine silk industry was Constantinople. Made either in imperial mills, located both within and near the emperor # 8217 ; s Great Palace, or in private workshops, silk was used to do tribunal and church vesture, altar fabrics, drapes, couch cloths, wall hangings, and embellishment. The Byzantine province tightly controlled its industry and trade and guaranteed its quality. This meant that Byzantine silks were used as an instrument of Byzantine foreign policy, since these extremely esteemed cloths could be acquired by provinces outside Byzantium merely as official gifts or testimon ial. Most of the Byzantine silks still in being day of the month from the ten percent and 11th centuries. They chiefly come from church exchequers of western Europe, where they were frequently used to wrap the venerated remains of saints or objects associated with them. Their brilliantly colored designs in twill weave, created on draw looms, include rows of animate beings, such as bird of Joves ; series of king of beastss, gryphons, and elephants in circles ; runing scenes ; and images of Byzantine emperors.

Tolstoy`S Confessions What Is The Aim Of Human Life Essays

Tolstoy`S Confessions: What Is The Aim Of Human Life? Introduction What is the aim of human life? Tolstoy ponders this thought in his Confessions. His philosophy was that the aim was a union with God. A lack of faith was death as shown in his quote from the Confessions, as quoted by Stumpf (Elements, 549). The rational knowledge brought to me the recognition that life was meaningless, -my life stopped, and I wanted to destroy myself. When I looked around at people, at all humanity, I saw that people lived and asserted that they knew the meaning of life. I looked back at myself: I lived so long as I knew the meaning of life. As to other people, so even to me, did faith give the meaning of life and the possibility of living. But faith only gave the possibility of life, so something more is needed. The moral life, as it seemed to Tolstoy. He talks of evils and vices, and therefore the corresponding goods and virtues. In this paper, I plan to address these two things. The supreme end of man and the goods and virtues used in attaining it. To attain this goal, we need to agree upon a common understanding of the supreme end of man. An explanation of how faith affects man attaining his supreme end leads us into Gods predestination of man. Understanding this we see that faith is the key to reaching the supreme end of man. But now that we have the key we need to see what it unlocks. Faith compels us to avoid vices and therefore reach our moral end. This requires the acquiring and use of the virtues. The Supreme End In order to know the aim of human life I suppose we must know then what the supreme end of man is. The views of several philosophers on the supreme end of man have held relatively consistent over the centuries. According to Aristotle as quoted by Stumpf, happiness is that which is always desirable in itself and never for the sake of something else. (Elements, 32) He continues to say that happiness and good are synonymous. This happiness or good is the ultimate end of the human act. St. Augustine, 7 centuries later, reiterates the end of man as happiness, namely eternal life. He also continues to say that faith is the only way to find the ultimate end. (Philosophy, 90-1) St. Thomas Aquinas, eight centuries later, reaffirms God as the end of our desires. The following quote from The Pocket Aquinas, page 192 continues to explain his understanding. The act whereby we are primarily joined to Him is basically and substantially our happiness. But we are primarily united with God by an act of understanding; and therefore, the very seeing of God, which is an act of the intellect, is substantially and basically our happiness. The greatest happiness then is thinking of the ultimate being, God. This greatest happiness is a union with the Everlasting, or as St. Augustine called it, eternal life. Life in this world is less of a good than life in paradise. This is due to the fact that life in paradise is eternal and the life of a man in this world is just a brief stretch of time. Paradise is also more perfect than earth and life there is a greater good because of this. Another 1500 years later, Tolstoy in the Confessions again comes to the conclusion of an eternal paradise. He drew the conclusion from a very simple path of premises. One, you must live according to Gods law. Two, eternal torment or eternal bliss result from life. Three, the meaning that is not lost to death is the union with the infinite God. (Elements, 549) Throughout a span of over two centuries philosophers have agreed upon the ultimate end of man or else have been confronted with absurdity. Does God Predestine the Human End How does faith lead man to his eternal end? It leads man to God by helping him to avoid the vices. Since God is the ultimate being, could God predestine mans end? This is an important question since if men are predestined by God, it can affect achievement of

A Character Profile of Romeos Juliet

A Character Profile of Romeos Juliet Juliet, from Romeo and Juliet, is the young teenage daughter of Capulet and Lady Capulet. At age 13, Juliet is beautiful, innocent, and at a marriageable age. Before meeting Romeo, Juliet had thought little about love and marriage. Her parents, on the other hand, are keen to marry her to a rich and well-connected husband and have chosen Count Paris, who has expressed his interest in Juliet, as their daughters future husband. Whether Juliet likes him is not a concern to anyone but her. Meeting Romeo Changes Juliets Life However, Juliet soon stumbles upon her ​fate when she meets Romeo and instantly falls in love with him, despite his  being the son of her family’s enemy, Lord Montague. â€Å"My only love sprung from my only hate,† she exclaims. Like many women in Shakespeares plays, Juliet has very little freedom, but she is connected to the outside world through her closest friend, Nurse. Juliet, though, is prepared to abandon Nurse entirely when Nurse turns against Romeo. Juliet matures throughout the plot of the play and is eventually prepared to abandon her family in order to be with Romeo. Juliet, a Complex Character At the beginning of the play, Juliet Capulet appears to be a shy and innocent young girl, but the depth of her character shows as she meets Romeo, defies her father, marries Romeo, and ultimately commits suicide. While appearing quiet and obedient, Juliet displays inner strength, intelligence, bravery,  wit, and independence. It is, in fact, Juliet who asks Romeo to marry her. Juliet dispels the notion of shyness in scenes where she speaks as much as Romeo and with the same degree of confidence. Juliet shows her inner strength and independent nature in her decision to die rather marry Paris: If all else fail, myself have power to die. By so doing, she takes control of her own destiny, rather than allow her life to be controlled by others, as so many young women in her circumstances at that time would. Juliets Quotes of Character Juliets own words demonstrate her strength of character, independence, and growing maturity, especially regarding love. Here are some examples: Well, do not swear. Although I joy in thee,  I have no joy of this contract tonight.  It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden, too like the lightning, which doth cease to be ere one can say It lightens. Sweet, good night. My only love sprung from my only hate!  Too early seen unknown, and known too late!  Prodigious birth of love it is to me that I must love a loathed enemy. Three words, dear Romeo, and good night indeed.  If that thy bent of love be honorable, thy purpose marriage, send me word tomorrow, by one that Ill procure to come to thee, where and what time thou wilt perform the rite, and all my fortunes at thy foot Ill lay and follow thee my lord throughout the world.

Discuss the basic communication skills that are prerequistites for the Essay

Discuss the basic communication skills that are prerequistites for the helping relationship - Essay Example Every person needs communication and contacts establishing. From one side, it is a necessity to get new impressions, feelings and knowledge, and from the other side it is a wish to share thoughts and opinion. So, communication is a process of information exchange. This process helps to enrich experience of the person who communicates. Education of every human goes through communication which is one of the main experience sources. In the process of personality development the communication development gets the social-selective character. The universal character of communication becomes apparent in â€Å"confess† nessecity: to share thoughts and problems.ï€ ª Communication necessity is always connected with the self-communication. Some people have a well-developed habit of self-comnmunication. The reasons for this are hidden in personality or society he/she lives in. It is a fact that active interpersonal attitudes cause self-comnmunication necessity. Usually people are tired of the information they don’t need and this becomes the reason for self-communication. It is worth admitting that the skills of self-communication are very important for soluting the problems and analyzing difficulties. So, communication is an integral part of human existing and important prerequisite for social human formation, and also it is a prerequisite for society development. The process of communication helps to organize, to regulate and to unite people, it helps to develop emotional and intellectual interaction between people. Analysing personality as a social-psychological phenomenon we can see that society correlation is not an interrelation of two isolated systems: personality researching is always connected with society researching and on the contrary. A personality should be always analysed at the contest of social relationship. The matter and level of relationship between people are various:

Outline the key features of a sports development strategy, and discuss Essay

Outline the key features of a sports development strategy, and discuss the relevance that this has to contemporary sports management - Essay Example It is also a roadmap to good health. It resists diseases and helps to improve the quality of life. The economy of most of the countries depends upon the sports (Girginov, 2008). In the past decade there has been an enormous evolution in the sports. The health and fitness sector has expanded itself to meet the demand of athletes and sportsmen. Employment in this sector has been increased due to the increased professionalism of the National Governing Bodies and huge investments by different organizations. As this industry has groomed itself, the need of qualified and educated mangers has increased. Because they could better understand the sports market and cater its needs and could apply their professional knowledge in an organized way. Thousands of schools and colleges have been established to cater the needs of the sports sector (Trenberth & Hassan, 2011). The management has been turned into sophistication and it is constantly evolving. Due to the global nature of the sports it has to deal with all kind of socio-economic barriers. Certain issues like gender relation, social responsibility and violence are to be really addressed. These are some of the challenges which the sports managers of today are facing (Hassan & Lusted, 2013). Sports management are the set of skills relating planning organizing, Leading, controlling and budgeting for an organization whose main responsibility is to cater the services in the sports. The sports industry has been segmented into three main categories. First one is the Sports Performance. It includes the activation and participation of the people related to the sports industry and its stakeholders. Second segment is Sports Production which is related to its products and influence on the products. The third division of the sports industry is the Sports Promotion which is the core of Sports Event Management. Different promo tools are used to promote the sports event and make it familiarize

Week 2 - Essay Question - INTL 5645 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week 2 - Essay Question - INTL 5645 - Assignment Example there were certain policies and campaigns that arose and they helped with the maintaining and the building of the economic, social, political and cultural wellbeing of China and its people in general (Tanner, 102). These leaders were influential even after they were not in power. Leadership at the time was categorized by generation titles (Sklarew, 35). The first political leader, Mao Zedong was categorized as the first generation leader, Deng Xiaoping taking the second generation title and Jiang Zemin taking the third generation title. Mao Zedong was a soldier, statesman and a Chinese Marxist theorist who led the nation to a higher standard. He made his nation turned out to be a communist revolution state. Mao was the founder of (PPC) ‘People’s Republic of China’, and it is through his involvement in politics that he converted China from what it was at the time to a undemocratic socialist state. Under the regimes of the three political figures, there arose the rise of industry and business becoming nationalized under the state ownership and reforms particularly in the socialist fields being implemented in all aspects of the everyday life of the people. There was the use of military ideologies implemented by the political figures. Taking for example Mao, he proclaimed the formation of the PPC and after ensuring that the reunification of China was a success, went ahead to enact the removal of the land reform (Wong, Yiu-chung, 24). This was done while still overthrowing the  landlords who followed the system and the land sectioned into communes. Mao then again proceeded to lead a political campaign that was to be nationwide (MacFarquhar, 202). This campaign came to be known as the  Ã¢â‚¬ËœGreat Leap Forward’. It was meant to make the country modernized. A major setback that led to the initiation of the Cultural Revolution was the widespread famine. Mao collaborated with people in power that he knew would make the economy of the nation rise to another level

Importance of Toys in Child Development

Importance of Toys in Child Development Toy’s And Development Bella Coreas Toys are fun and any child, no matter the age, will attest to that. Toys have the potential to teach in many ways as well as play a positive role in a child’s educational, social, emotional and physical development. â€Å"Play is the mechanism by which children learn how they experience their world, practice new skills, and internalize new ideas and is therefore the essential work of children†(Guyton, 2011). Physical, emotional and mental capacity are all a direct correlation of the environment a child grows in, especially the types of toys used during the child development stages. Genetics will play a role in the child development process and there are other factors as well that will be influenced through learned behaviors while playing with toys such as; family structure, nature surrounding/ environment, and basic education concepts. In the early years of life, children learn through play and interaction with family and friends. â€Å"Children are like sponges, ready to absorb any bit of knowledge that comes their way. With that in mind, toy stores have begun to carry more toys, games and plush animals that promote not just basic learning, but, more specifically, items that convey the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle and caring for the environment† (Levin, 2013). When children start to approach the preschool age, they begin to learn about numbers, letters and language skills. There are a lot of toys that motivate this type of learning, from basic alphabet puzzles to high-grade technological electronic gadgets. Modern day technology affords us the opportunity to have the school age child on your mobile device or tablet while you are grocery shopping for dinner. Toys of this type are positively influencing the development of your child by giving them an advance of the things that they will be ta ught in school at a later time. Children that are in school can adjunct their learning while having fun with educational toys. Giving a child the opportunity to have fun while preforming repeatedly, from the things they are learning in school, will amplify their retention with the things learned. When your child finds an educational toy that she or he really likes, she or he will be more likely to play with it, thus reiterating the things they have learned. Toys are necessary tools that are basic instructions for a child development in thoughts fantasies and creativity. As the child gets older the toys began to change, but the same learning in taking place just on a higher level. Once beyond elementary school and onto middle school the child begins to explore classes like wood shop, keyboarding, and home economics. These are all from the foundation of toys and play. Middle school is also where a child can start to partake in extra-curricular activities like the chess club, basketbal l and robotics. All of these activates can be built upon at the high school level as well. The learning is even more enhanced because now the repetition of the play as a preschool child has begun to improve your technique and you have mastered the skill for years of toys and play. While learning through play for many years you development a team of peers who also enjoy playing with the toys with you. These peers are commonly referred to as your friends. This makes you play more enjoyable and gives you someone to also evaluate the success of you play with yourself. Play aids in the social development as well and as the child grows through playing with toys so does their social development. Many studies find that play is positively related to a host of cognitive and social skills. In the recent CNN Opinion article, (â€Å"want to get your kids into college?†) Let the children play, Erika Christakis and Nicholas Christakis shared the following: within the act of play, children l earn to share, defer there gratification, bargain or negotiate conflicts, problem solving, share goals, obtain flexibility, and live with disgruntlement. By authorizing children to walking in another persons shoes, imaginative play accurse and seeds the development of empathy, which is a key component for intellectual, social, and emotional success. The real readiness skills that make for an academically accomplished kindergartener or college student has as much to do with emotional intellect as it does with academic preparation. Kindergartners require not just sight words and lower case letters, but also the knowledge and know how when it comes search for meaning. The same can be said of 18-year-olds, as admissions officers at several different colleges like to say, an entire freshman class may be filled with students that possess perfect grades and test scores. Academic advancement in college requires readiness skills that exceed mere book learning. It entails the ability to invol ve actively with people and there philosophies. In short, it needs a deep connection with the world. For a five year-old, this assembly begins and ends with the creating, questioning, imitating, dreaming, and sharing that characterize play. When we repudiate young children in play, we are literally refuting them the right to understand the world. By the time they progress into college, we will have denied them the opportunity to fix the world as they would see it. Securing a childs educational and social development through toys and play also connects the emotional development. Playing is important to children; it is the way they practice and prepare to grow up. Toys are the tools children use in play, they can be a high tech purchase or they may be as simple as a kitchen pot, pan lid or paper sack puppets. In fact, you may have watched infants open presents and notice that they spent more time playing with ribbon and wrapping than with the toy inside. Conduced within play children develop skills called, executive function, the main characteristic of this elevated level brain activity is the ability to self-regulate. When this area of the brain is well established, children are able to regulate their emotions, behavior, and are better able to counterattack impulses, and have a greater amount of self-control. This will decrease the amount of incidences in school when the child is not given what they think they deserve and reduce the opinion of harsh or unfair treatment. Self-regulation is an essential skill for success in life, children need unstructured play time to mature these abilities. There are many toys that help with the imagination of a child; just about all types of toys help with some form of development when it comes to a child’s inventiveness. When children are interactive in play, they use their thoughts, dreams and fancies for creative-thinking skills all to explore and discover the many structures a toy has to offer. Encouraged experimentation, can be used in a variety of ways, and utilized inversely every time. There are several different toys that foster creativity when it comes to involved pretend role-play, such as action figures, adventure play sets and dress up. It is just as imperative as the type of toy making sure there is enough time to play with them. Children need time to get there mind set for their interactive play and the process that it in tales, their creativity cultivates along wit h other developmental skills. Art materials foster creativity and appreciation of beauty. Sadly, many children spend more time watching television, not attending academic focused programs or lack of adult directed lessons. It is much more beneficial to be playing with friends outdoors, creating, and being crafty with various materials, building with legos, blocks or playing make-believe. Through mutual play with toys children are also taught many more life lessons rather it be through materials, friends, or outdoors. Outdoors play often forester the development of the child physically. Physical development through toys also enhances the overall child. Children also develop in many ways including through physical, mental and interactive play. According to a January 2007 clinical report in the journal â€Å"Pediatrics,† â€Å"play contributes to the cognitive, social, physical, and emotional welfare of a child or adolescent (Moore, 2007). Physical development encompasses your childs motor skills, which are those that require him to move his body. Motor skill is split into fine motor skills and gross motor skills, both being of equal importance. Gross motor skills encompass the coordination and control of large muscles like walking, sitting and running. Fine motor skills(or manipulation) encompasses the coordination and control of small muscles skills like holding a rattle, picking up crumbs or scribbling with a pencil and pen. Physical development affords children with the abilities they require to explore and network with the world around that surrounds them. Young children’s physical growth first begins as muscles g ain strength while a child gradually develops coordination. The development of muscular control is the first step in this process. Toys are very valuable at this point because they are developing the muscle that you child needs to survive when doing everyday task such as sitting up in a chair or writing. These chores are bound to you throughout life and for the duration of your life. This is when toys such as the walker because important and as the child gets older the toys that is simulated to look like a lawnmower that you push while walking are important. Motor skills are a necessity in life and toys aid in the development kick ball helps with your motor skills as well as grabbing the mobile from a child crib. Motor skills are a learned sequence of movement combined to produce a smooth, efficient action in order to master a particular task. These toys generally have a cause and effect that will encourage muscle movement. â€Å"Teachers can maximize opportunities to build new ski lls by being mindful of where children are developmentally, what their interests are and what skills they, as educators, want children to learn† Moore,2009).. Parents being the first teacher a child will come in contact with need to know what type of toys will promote motor skill development. There are many other varieties of toys that foster creativity, as well as toys that consist of pretend role-play, such as action figures, and adventure play sets, these toys also stimulate physical development. It is just as critical to make sure there is time for children to play with their toys. During the play time of a child they begin and continue to play as their creativity will grow along with the development of skills. Hardwood blocks teach children about geometry, shapes, balance and gravity when the towers come crashing down. This will also help build muscle strength. Outdoor play equipment builds muscles and confidence that the child can meet physical challenges in everyday lif e. There are also experimental materials like sand and clay. These flexible toys offer the child control as they shape and distribute the materials. Materials like sand and clay appeals to a child’s senses. It develops the child’s sense to sight and especially touch. Children will all admit that toys are fun, but toys are tools that are used to help children learn about themselves, as well as the world around them. Healthy play is critical for the growth and educational development, social, emotional, and physical development of children. Through play children also learn to solve problems, to get along with others. To develop the fine and gross motor skills that are needed to grow and learn to preparation them for adulthood. The challenges of toys prepare children encounter what cards life may deal them and reminds them that they have already solved that problem while it was not so alarming to them. The answer then came when they were calm and experience that best time of their life- the answer came during their play time with their toys. Now that can take of any challenger that life brings them. â€Å"As we move forward into this brave new future of play, those who are most effective may well be those brave individuals who see themselves as stu dents and accept that they simply don’t get it. Once done, they can begin the process of either educating themselves or allying with those who do† (Richard 163). Works Cited Christakis, N. . (2010, Dec 29). What To Get Your Kids Into College?Let Them Play. Retrieved from CNN.com: http://www.cnn.com Gottlieb, R. (2013). Do You Get It? Plaything , 163. Guyton, G. (2011, September 25). Using Toys to Support Infant-Toddler Learning and Development. Retrieved 2013, from Young Children. Levin, A. (2013). Toys that Teach How a Healthy Lifestyle Can be Taught Through Play. Plush and Toys, 168. Reifel, J. (2006-2012). Brain Research and Development. Retrieved 2013, from Education.com: http://www.education.com/reference/article/brain-research-child-development/ Toys to boost Child Creativity. (n.d.). Retrieved November 6, 2013, from The Creativity institute: http://www.creativityinstitute.com/earlychildhooddevelopment .

Robinson Crusoe :: Free Essay Writer

Robinson Crusoe Robinson Crusoe was written by Daniel Defoe. The novel was firstpublished in 1719. It tells the story of a young explorer who becomes maroonedon a deserted island. His experiences of the island change his outlook on life. Daniel Defoe was a short story writer that came from an poor family.Defoe was poor for most of his life and made his living as a butcher and awriter. Defoe mostly wrote short stories and political essays. Robinson Crusoewas a combination of two short stories. Many believe Defoe used RobinsonCrusoe to portray himself in a certain ways. The description was almostidentical to his own and after his wife left him, he felt as if he was marooned on a deserted island. The story takes place in the 1700s on a deserted island somewhere off thecoast of Brazil. The island is fairly large in size and has a small shore. Theinterior of the island has many trees, wild pigs and other small animals and asmall cave in which Crusoe stores food. I walked about the shore lifting up my hands. Look around, I see nothing but water, a forest, and the remains of my ship. At first, I was afraid of wild animals but after some exploration of the land, the only animals I had seen were wild pigs, squirrels, and some small birds.The only possessions that Crusoe retrieved from the remains of his ship were asmall knife, a box of tabacco, a pipe, and a small book that would later becomehis journal. Robinson Crusoe was a young and stubborn explorer. He was extremelytall and strong. His stay on the island changed him from a mean, stubborn manto an open-minded protestant. Standing at six feet, two inches and having my long, thick brown hair back in a ponytail, I felt as if I was eight feet tall. Without the permission of my parents, I was still sailing away from the misery. I held the cargo box is my strong arms, waiting to board my beautiful ship.Crusoe became a skilled craftsman and was an extremely religious man due tohis stay on the island. Being the only man on the entire island, he established afaith in God. He also became more articulate from writing in a journal daily.Overall, his stay on the island changed Crusoe's life greatly. As the story begins, Robinson Crusoe defies his parents and sets out tosea. Crusoe encounters a series of violent storms at sea and ends up in Africa.

Soldier X Summary

Summary: Soldier X Erik Brandt is a 16 year old half Russian half German boy. He is in a program called Jungend which is also known as Hitler's Children Army. It is like Boy Scouts for German Kids. They boys in the Jungend are also enlisted soldiers who have to fight when it is needed. One day Erik is sent to fight in the war. He is shipped to the eastern front where the Germans have to fight Russia on Russian soil. Erik is uncomfortable because he is half Russian and German.He was aware of the things Germans were doing to Jews but he was convinced it was right and that Jews were preventing Germany's world domination. While traveling to Russia he becomes acquainted with some other boys in his platoon named Oskar, Jakob, and Fassnacht. They get attacks by aircraft and very few of the Germans die but the boys are pretty scared. When they reach their destination they go into the trenches and prepare to fight.Their commander explains the plan and teaches them how to use certain equipment like mines and grenades. When the first waves of Russians attack it is mainly infantry foot soldiers. The Germans win and Erik thinks it’s over and he is exhausted and tired. Then their commander says that was the easy one and tells them to prepare for tanks to start progressing. In the second wave the Germans start to drop and German hope looks lost. Erik is hit by a grenade and he is hurt. He is lying in pain in the bottom of a trench.With many dead bodies around him, he sees that playing dead won’t help because the Russians are stabbing every body they find with a bayonet. He knew he was running out of time. To his luck a tank broke down over him. He now has to think fast. He sees a dead Russian boy and puts on him uniform to disguise himself. He leaves the trench disguised as a Russian. As he is going he get shot by a surviving German in the side. He passes out and wakes up in hospital. When the soldiers he meets asks his name he says he has amnesia.He meets a you ng nurse in the hospital named Tamara. They talk a lot and get to know each other very well. They eventually fall in love. The hospital is bombed one day and they must escape. They make a plan to go all the way to the United States. They are able to escape Russia and make it to America. While sneaking through Germany Erik loses his left arm when he gets shot. The American soldiers take care of him. He gets to America with Tamara and they start a family and live their lives there where Erik becomes a history teacher.

Grandmas Passing essays

Grandmas Passing essays Grandma was a frail older woman, in her early 70s, and of small stature. Her skin was of a light brown complexion, wrinkled and ashy. When I sat on her knee, her brittle hands would always gently wrap around my waist. I would kiss her on her cheek, which was always cold for some reason. Grandma always wore dark blue dresses that came down to her ankles and an old pair of black dress shoes everywhere. You know, the ones with no heels that appear as if they are slippers. She was old fashioned, and didnt hesitate to instruct my dad to switch me if I stepped out of line. Grandma was soft-spoken, but firm; I never back-talked her for fear of the painful consequences my dad would inflict on my legs. I remember one time I had acted up; oh I paid for that one. It had just rained, saturating the earth in the back yard beyond capacity. Mud puddles were everywhere; they were enormous filled with dirty grimy water. These mud puddles were everything a kid could dream of; they were irresistible. My cousins and I jumped, stomped, splashed, and rolled in the mud puddles; we had a great time. My grandma had told us kids not to track mud through the house, but I was having too much fun with my cousins to take her seriously. We were chasing each other, and I ran into the house with the mud still caked all over my body. My grandma caught a glimpse of me dashing through the living room when she bellowed for my father. Grandma told him that she had warned me to not track mud through the house, but I had done it anyway. My father came, took one look at the carpet, and instructed me to retrieve the switch. I did as ordered, and subsequently was beaten for my insolence. I had red whelps all over my legs; I never tracked mud through the house again. Mother summoned for Janelle and I to come to her room; from the sound of her voice, we felt she was distressed about something. As we entered her bedroom, we discovered she ...

Guncontrol essays

Guncontrol essays In general, guns have been a major problem for years upon years. The threat of guns in cities and towns is astonishing. Many people in the United States are fighting to ban guns everywhere, others think they should have the right to own a gun with no questions asked. Considering the amount of handgun deaths, many people ask the question Are guns killing people or are people killing people? Many people are in the fight to gain stricter laws on guns, Yet just as many are opposed to the idea of stricter laws. Guns started to become an issue in the late 1970s and early 1980s. In 1977 guns were the weapons used in approximately 70% of the murders in the United States.(Encarta Online) 60% of all murder victims in the United States (about 12,000) were killed by firearms, and 70,000 were injured. During the early 1980s Hip Hop and Rap became popular. This increased the number of gun conflicts greatly because of the image of a rapper.(Dennis, Debate) Heavily populated cities had an increasing amount of gangs during this time.(Dennis, Debate) The gangs would sell drugs and use guns to back them up if a deal went bad.(Dennis, Debate) Guns were easily accessed due to the heavy gang activity.(Dennis, Debate) People were being shot everyday as a result in these gangs. Many people were trying to fight the spread of guns and get a stricter law on accessibility to guns. People who want gun control have a very hard time convincing government officials to do something about it. The Republican controlled Congress has doubts because of what the Second Amendment said about guns. Handgun Control Inc. (HCI) said, The Second Amendment poses no threat to the laws affecting the private possession of firearms, and this may well be the most settled proposition in constitutional law.(Dennis, Debate) HCI also wrote a letter...

Solve a Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Solve a Problem - Essay Example Although the entire job of banking has been carried out manually, the customers’ satisfaction has been the prime object of Vangi. A few years before, the operations were computerized in their main office and it did not lay any impact on the rural branches. Core Banking Solution (CBS) recently introduced by the Government among the Nationalized Banks currently covers Vangi also in its threshold. Vangi now faces the problem of meeting the challenges in connection with its sudden push into a national network of CBS. Entirely new and systematic conversion into the new system of CBS has put Vangi to cope with enormous pressure from all corners. The main problem faced by the Vangi is to hone the rural branches that were hitherto doing their jobs in a very limited sphere of their areas incorporating their accounts with Vangi. Although a specific time frame is allowed, Vangi considers the permitted time frame is not sufficient to actually plunge into the CBS network. When trying to untie the knots of problems encountered, a generalized thesis surfaces. Problems can be distinguished on any number of meaningful dimensions and the mental steps and solution processes we engage in may widely differ for different types of problems. (Frensch and Funke, ) All the above steps comprise two different ways to handle namely, convergent and divergent approaches. While the divergent approach covers all the possible and feasible findings in the course, the convergent approach facilitates fixing the hotspots thereby nearing the crux of any problem easy. The divergent thinking processes commonly lead to creative thinking. The process usually begins at a single point or with a single question but extend the search in many different directions generating a wide variety of new possibilities. (J. Treffinger et al, 2005) In the first step of Objective Finding, I come across some seven factors that are nearly related to the goal

The Measure Stage -- General Electric Coursework

The Measure Stage -- General Electric - Coursework Example These are correct transactions and customer complaints. The number of correct transactions can be automatically withdrawn from the company’s system whereas the number of customer complaints can be obtained from customer feedbacks and recorded complaints during sale or after sale of company goods and services. For the ten months from February to November, the number of customer complaints was identifiably more than the number of incorrect transactions for each month. For this reason, the team should focus on improving issues that arise during customer complaints. This is because this section recorded the highest values every month when measured against the number of incorrect transactions. General Electric Company’s inability to assure its customers of utter satisfaction comes as a result of the high number of customer complaints. This is evident from the graph in the process baseline estimation section above. This is an indication that stringent measures ought to be taken in order to curb customer complaints within the company. The mission of this project, as indicated in the define stage of this project, is the improvement of General Electric company’s six sigma with the aim of ensuring utter customer satisfaction. For this reason, the data collected in the process baseline estimation section above supports the purpose of the project. The data, therefore, shows that there certainly is room for performing better as far as ensuring utter customer satisfaction is

Women of TV Broadcast Journalism in the UK versus the US Dissertation

Women of TV Broadcast Journalism in the UK versus the US - Dissertation Example From the study it is clear that since the two countries under scrutiny in this study are UK and the US, we might as well keep these figures in mind right from the start. For the purpose of conducting this study on the portrayal of women broadcasters in US and UK, the help of various sources and surveys on a worldwide basis as well as secondary data collection have been taken. For starters, there is a brief look at the broadcasting industry, its history and emerging trends, as a whole, before moving onto the aspects that define the world of women broadcasters, specifically. These aspects include statistics as well as case studies for comparing trends and probabilities in both countries. This paper highlights that for every ABC, CBS and NBC affiliate that does local news – which is quite a sizable figure, there is a great majority of independent stations that do not follow suit. Only 2% of the Big- Three affiliates but 64% of other stations said they had no news staff. All these findings fuelled the transition to a period of postmodernism for mass media – an era ushered in equal parts by the beginning of globalisation as well as sensationalism. Part of the transition to postmodernism was the emerging trend of using women broadcasters, as we will study below. Apart from bringing glamour and a certain amount of light heartedness to the whole routine of broadcasting, women have a powerful role to play when it comes to dominating an audience’s attention in terms of mass media.

Body Ritual Among the Nacirema Essay Example for Free

Body Ritual Among the Nacirema Essay Sandra Bullard November 27, 2011 Body Ritual Among the Nacirema Dr. Chan Body Ritual Among the Nacirema The Nacirema are a North American group living in the territory between the Canadian Cree, the Yaqui and Tarahumare of Mexico and the Carib and Arawak of the Antilles. According to the Nacirema mythology, their nation was originated by a culture hero, Notgnihsaw, who otherwise known for two great fears of strength- the throwing of a piece of wampum across the river Pa-To-Mac and the choppin down of a cherry tree in which the Spirit of Truth resided. The focus of the Nacirema culture is the activity of the human body, appearance and the health of which loom as a dominant concern in the culture of the people. The belief underlying the whole system appears to be that the human body is ugly and that its natural tendency is to debility and disease. In the hierarchy of magical practitioners in the Nacirema culture, second in the lineup are the holy-mouth-men. The Nacirema have a pathological horror of and fascination with the mouth, the condition of which is believed dto have a supernatural influence on all social relationships. If it weren’t for the rituals of the mouth, they believe that their teeth would fall out, their gums bleed, their jaws shrink, their friends desert them, and their lovers would reject them. People seek out a holy-mouth-man once or twice a year. Holy-mouth-men have an impressive set of paraphernalia, consisting of a variety of augers, awls, probes, and prods. The use of these objects are for the exorcism of the evils of the mouth. The holy-mouth-man opens the client’s mouth and, using the above tools, enlarges any holes which decay may have created in the teeth. If there are no naturally occurring holes in the teeth, large sections of one or more teeth are gouged out so that the supernatural substance can be applied. In the client’s view, the purpose of these ministrations is to arrest decay and to draw friends. The natives return to the holy-mouth-men year after year in order to keep sacred and traditional character of the rite. The medicine-men of the Nacirema community have an imposing temple, also called latipso. The latipso is a very elaborate ceremony that is required to treat very sick patients only. These ceremonies are so harsh that it is amazing that the sick natives who enter the temple ever recover. When the supplicant first enters the temple, they are first stripped of all off his or her clothes. In every-day life the Nacirema avoid exposure of his body and its natural functions. Once in the latipso, the body secrecy is lost and the man finds himself naked and assisted by a vestal maiden in which he then performs his natural functions into a secret vessel. These procedures are necessitated by the fact that the excreta are used by a diviner to ascertain the course and nature of the client’s sickness. Female clients who enter the lapitso, find their naked bodies are subjected to the scrutiny, manipulation and prodding of the medicine men. One way that these people address wealth is with shrines. Every household has one or more shrines. The most powerful individuals in society have several shrines in their houses. The shrine rooms of the more wealthy are walled with stone. Poorer families imitate the rich by applying pottery plaques to their shrine walls. Another way I think wealth is defined in their community is the gifts that are given to guardians of temples. The lapitso’s guardian for example, will not admit a client if he cannot give a rich gift to the custodian. And once a client is admitted, they must be able to give the custodian another rich gift before being let out. Cultural relativism is demonstrated by Horace Miner and his capability of understanding and gaining trust of the individual’s culture. The individuals of the Nacirema community opened up to Miner and let him see their sacred and traditional rituals. It was his willingness and openness that let the Nacirema community to trust him. It’s hard for me not to display ethnocentrism towards their community and rituals because it’s completely different from what I have learned and grown up with. None of their rituals that they perform make any sense to me. For example, the women putting their heads in the oven and letting them bake for an hour is hard for me to understand and conceptualize. So, it’s hard for me to say that I think that they’re strange, because that’s their culture and that’s the only think they have ever known. When I put it in perspective and think about their opinions on our culture, they wouldn’t know why we do the things we do within our community. It is very interesting to read about people who once lived in North America and maybe still do live in North America that perform these types of ritual.

What Is Healthy Lifestyle Physical Education Essay

What Is Healthy Lifestyle Physical Education Essay Healthy lifestyle, which means healthy physical and mental health, may be one of the treasures that everyone is chasing. AIA Singapore today announced findings of the AIA Healthy Living Index Survey which show that almost all Singaporeans agree healthy living is important. However, citizens living in the modern society may not lead a healthy lifestyle, because people might be stuck with heavy work and pressure. The poor eating diet, sedentary habit and lack of rest directly result in the unhealthy condition. Seriously, the unhealthy lifestyle may cause disease and mortality. Understanding healthy lifestyle is urgent. What is healthy lifestyle? Healthy lifestyle is the way of living which keep mans health in a good condition. A healthy lifestyle always consists of a good diet, adequate exercise and sufficient quality rest. 1. A good diet Eating healthily does not mean to intake strict amount nutrition every day, to stay unrealistically thin, or to separate you from favorite food. A good diet consists of healthy drinking diet and eating diet. A health corporation called Mayo Clinic (2012) said the adequate water intake for a healthy man is roughly 2.2 liters per day which is far more than 7 bottles. Water can be carrier of the chemical materials in our bodies. If you do not intake enough water, your body will not carry out the particular functions and easily result in tiredness. According to Pandalache (2012) healthy eating is having food feeling great, having more energy, stabilizing your mood, and keeping yourself as healthy as possible. 2. Adequate exercise Exercise can be an important and functional tool ranging from releasing stress and depression to preventing disease and strengthening bodies. Healthy exercise habit means proper amount and time. Research news from Roberts (2010) suggests that 15 minutes exercise a day can boost life expectancy by three years and cut death risk by 14%. Heavy exercise may not benefit your body. According to research (Bumgardner, 2012) on lung function, body rhythms, temperature, and hormone levels, the best time to exercise is around 6 pm. If you can keep a normal exercise habit every day, healthy body is not far away. 3. Sufficient quality rest. Chasing health lifestyle, healthy sleeping is one of the most essential factors. Generally speaking, sleeping is a process for our nerve and body to recover. According to an article (Smith, Robinson Segal, 2012), keeping a regular sleep schedule and eating right and getting exercise can easily give you a high quality sleep. Adults should sleep at least 6 hours a day to keep body getting enough rest. Keeping healthy needs lots of knowledge. Are the people educated well healthier? We carry out a research to find the lifestyle of undergraduates at National University of Singapore (NUS). 2. Methodology The interviewers were divided into 6 groups which were in charge of different faculties. Each group went to a particular faculty and selected respondents randomly. Respondents included 103 undergraduate-student volunteers, some of whom are attending the exchange courses in NUS. Initially, the participants were requested to complete a questionnaire (appendix 1). Afterwards, they were interviewed a few questions; and finally all the data were collected together and analyzed. Here is the information of respondents ¼Ã… ¡ And the relevant questionnaire is attached in the Appendix 1. 3. Results and Discussion The purpose of this research is to find how healthy NUS undergraduates are. As a healthy lifestyle is determined by dietary habits, exercise routines and rest patterns, the report will introduce the results in three parts. 3.1 Dietary habits Our data about drinking water are as follow: Figure 3.1.1 How many bottles of water do you drink every day? (250ml per bottle) Figure 3.1.2 how often do you eat breakfast? Figure 3.1.1 shows the response to the question How many bottles of water do you drink every day? (250ml per bottle) As we can see, only 9.71% of the respondents said that they drank more than 7 bottles. In contrast, 90.29% said less than 7 bottles. This latter finding (percentage) is alarming; especially nearly half chose less than 4 bottles. According to Mayo Clinic (2012), the adequate water intake for a healthy man is roughly 2.2 liters per day which is far more than 7 bottles. Water is the base of life, and it can be carrier of the chemical materials in our bodies. Additionally, when you do not intake enough water, your body will not carry out the particular functions and easily result in tiredness. Hence, there are needy to be better persuading undergraduates to drink more water. The table 3.1.2 shows the results of the question How often do you eat breakfast? The column on the very left indicates that 9 out of 103 interviewers never eat breakfast. In contrast, the very right column shows that nearly 37% respondents have breakfast very regularly. It can be seen from the column that most respondents chose the medium extent. University undergraduates might often surrounded by various tasks, ranging from presentation to research report. The heavy assignments may contribute to the irregular breakfast. Particularly, maybe the engineer students are blessed with the heaviest work, fewest engineer undergraduates have breakfast regularly. In addition, breakfast provided the energy for the whole morning; hence, undergraduates need to consume breakfast more regularly. 3.2 Exercise routines Our data about exercise time are as follow in figure 3.2.1 Figure 3.2.1 what time do you often exercise? Figure 3.2.2 how often do you exercise every week? The subject of this table Figure 3.2.1 is the time when do the graduates exercise mostly. And Figure 3.2.2 shows the response of the frequency of exercise. As we can see, around 45.63% of the respondents exercise at 3:00-9:00pm. However, there still exists several students chose morning or late at night. Also the gram shows 51.46% of the interviewees said they exercise once a week or less than that. It can be seen in general, NUS undergraduates exercise between 3:00 pm to 9:00, as the arrangement of the lectures may contribute to this. Probably because the compulsory courses may usually arranged in the morning or at noon, and the respondents may be free in the evening. Luckily, this might be one of the causes of graduates healthy exercise habit, as according to scientific research, doing exercise in this period may benefit most of people. However, the frequency may be alarming, as according to BBC news (Roberts, 2010), exercise 15 minutes every day is minimum for health. Again, the h eavy school work may contribute to this frustrating frequency. To conclude, there is a need for NUS undergraduates to exercise more. 3.3 Sleep patterns Our data about sleep are as follow: Figure 3.3 do you often wake up during the night? If yes, how many times do you wake up from sleep on average? From figure 3.3, we can see that the data are presented in descending order, with the highest number listed at the very left column and the lowest number listed at the very right column. More than 65% respondents never woke up and the rest mainly chose woke up 1-2 times. These findings is extremely satisfying, especially most undergraduates never woke up which means high sleeping quality. Again, the heavy work may contribute to the high sleeping quality, as NUS students generally sleep late with tired body and easily to fall asleep. Scientifically (Smith, Robinson Segal, 2012), almost everyone wakes up at night, but few can remember later unless people with mental disease. Hence, the NUS undergraduates sleeping quality is extreme high. 4. Conclusion In conclusion, the results of this study provide some amazing insights into the healthy lifestyle of NUS undergraduate students, including the diet, exercise and sleeping. Contrary to what we predicted, the undergraduates may not be so healthy. Though the academic work is important, heath is much more essential. On the other hand, if one is taking a long test or working long hours at a tedious task that requires strong body, one may be break down without healthy body. The mixed results of this study suggest that undergraduates should concentrate more on their health. 5. Reference AIA. (2011). Despite low Healthy Living Index score, Singaporeans desire remains strong for a better quality of life for themselves and their families AIA Healthy Living Index survey also shows Singaporeans believe companies should play a bigger role in helping their employees lead healthier lives Retrieved November 13, 2012, from http://www.aia.com.sg/en/resources/cf07bb004afd24878492d4fe179089c3/AIA_healthy_living_index_survey_findings_sg.pdf Mayo Clinic. (2012). Water: How much should you drink every day? Retrieved November 13, 2012, from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/water/NU00283 Pandalache, A.(2012). HEALTHY EATING WHAT IS IT? Retrieved November 13, 2012, from http://collegetimes.ie/healthy-eating-what-is-it/ Roberts, M. (2011). 15-minute daily exercise is bare minimum for health. Retrieved November 13, 2012, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-14526853 Bumgardner, W. (2012). The Best Time of Day to Walk and  Exercise. Retrieved November 13, 2012, from http://walking.about.com/cs/beginners/a/besttime.htm Smith, M., Robinson, L. Segal, R. (2012). How to Sleep Better TIPS FOR GETTING A GOOD NIGHTS SLEEP. Retrieved November 13, 2012, from http://www.helpguide.org/life/sleep_tips.htm 6. Appendix Appendix 1 The interview questionnaire Survey on Lifestyle of NUS Undergraduates We are pre-matriculation students in the SM2 program (NUS) doing our research project as partial fulfillment of our English module. The objective of the survey is to gather information on the lifestyles of NUS undergraduates. (Please circle the correct options) Faculty: __________________ Gender: M / F Nationality: Singaporean / Others __________________ Race: Chinese/Malay/Indian/others _____________ Year: 1st / 2nd / 3rd / 4th How long do your meals usually last? (tick the appropriate box) Breakfast Lunch Dinner Less than 20 min 20 to 40 min 40 to 60 min More than 60 min How much water do you drink every day? (assume a bottle = 250 ml) Less than 4 bottles 4 to 7 bottles More than 7 bottles Do you eat the following meals every day? (you may circle as many as apply) Breakfast between breakfast and lunch Lunch Afternoon tea Dinner Food taken late at night Are you regular in eating your breakfast? Never eat it 1 2 3 4 5 Very regular Mostly, what time do you exercise in a day? 4a.m.10a.m. 10a.m.3p.m. 3p.m.9p.m. 9p.m.12p.m. Others. When is it?____________ How long do you exercise each time on average? Less than 15 minutes 15-30 minutes 30-90 minutes More than 90 minutes How many times do you do sports every week? A. 0 ~ 1 time B. 2 ~ 4 times C. 5 ~ 7 times D. More than 7 times Which group of sports do you prefer? Group A: Walking, Jogging, Skating, Swimming, Cycling, Taiji, Body Mechanics; Group B: Racing, Weightlifting, Muscle Training, Long Jump High Jump, Basketball, Soccer, Tennis, almost all kinds of oppositional movements Greatly prefer Group A 1 2 3 4 5 Greatly Prefer Group B How much of your day do you spend sitting? 11. Do you often wake up during the night? If yes, how many times do you wake up from sleep on average? A. I never wake up during the night. B. Wake up 1-2 times. C. Wake up 3-4 times. D. More than 4 times. How much time do you need to fall asleep? A. less than 7 minutes B. 7 -30 minutes C. 30-60 minutes D. more than an hour 13. Do you play with computer or your cellphone in bed before sleeping? A. everyday B. very often but not everyday C. sometimes D. seldom or never Thank you very much for your participation!

Eating Disorders: How the Media Have Influenced Their Development In Adolescent Girls :: Free Essays Online

Eating Disorders: How the Media Have Influenced Their Development In Adolescent Girls The words "eat" and "boring" are usually never found in the same sentence, but leave it to a supermodel to accomplish this task. Bodies reminiscent of the Holocaust clad only in a bathing suit, underwear, or a skimpy tank top flood popular fashion magazines today. How many times have you flipped through the pages of your favorite magazine and spotted an article about how women should have a good perception of themselves and how they should "celebrate those curves," and then turned the page to find a centerfold makeover section complete with before and after pictures? Mass media serve as a type of "normative influence" to teens, and those who are high in susceptibility to the media’s influence are much less skeptical of advertisements (Mangleburg & Bristol 30). Therefore, it is much more difficult for them to realize that attaining a body like those of the women in the above advertisements is impossible without developing severely disordered eating habits. In the United States, the "conservative estimates" indicate that after puberty, 5-10% of girls and women are struggling with eating disorders. That translates to 5-10 million girls and women! Out of that 5-10 million, at least 50,000 will die, and that’s not including the number of cases not reported due to the shame and secretiveness associated with the disease (EDAP Handout- Basic Facts). Sufferers of eating disorders have admitted that images of skinny models enflamed their condition. In an article titled, "War on Waifs," they agreed that they "would like to see the fashion industry present a range of sizes in magazines just like you see in the stores" (Jedeikin, sec. Responses). Susie Orbach, the therapist who treated the late Princess Diana for her bulimia, has similar thoughts on the controversy: Eating problems are now at epidemic proportions. There is so much anguish felt by so many women and girls of all ages, even in childhood†¦ We need to target the diet industry. If diets worked, we wouldn’t need so many of them†¦ I will also suggest that it is in the fashion industry’s interest to glamourise girls and women in all sizes and shapes, as that is how we really are. I’d like to see model agencies and designers setting aside profits for fashion students to promote gorgeous clothes in all sizes" (Jedeikin, sec. Responses). Until the industry can shift from encouraging people to be a shape which nature never intended them to be, however, the media will continue to form young people’s view of the world, a world that is apparently populated by only thin girls.

Organizational structure as a determinant of performance: Evidence from mutual funds Essay

Management Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Management is an important aspect of any organization. For an organization to be successful, it is important that there should solid management carried out by managers. All companies that are successful have often ensured that they have a sound and strong management system as well as capable managers that can help in achieving the objectives of companies. Task 1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A manager can be described as an individual that has been placed in a position of authority to oversee the operations of an organization. Management is the art of overseeing the operations of an organization by ensuring that all operations are in line with the objectives of the company (Csaszar, 2012). An organization is any entity that is focused in achieving a collective objective. Managers as mentioned are persons in positions of authority within an organization that are tasked with the responsibility of overseeing the operations of a particular organization. Managers are the decision makers within an organization and every decision that they make is often implemented with an aim of meeting the objectives of the organization(Aquinas, 2010). The success of any organization greatly depends on the managers as they are the decisions makers that influence success. For example, when there are operational changes to be made such as the rate of production within an organization, a manager is deeply involved in providing the much needed guidance as well as making the final decision on what steps to undertake (Aghina, Smet,& Heywood, 2014). With the approval of the manager, the rate of production can be increased which can then help the company to attain more revenue.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, managers are important within organizations since they perform the function of planning. It is the duty of the manager to plan how operations will be carried out and how each project within the organization will be undertaken. For example, if an organization has an objective of improving on its sales, the manager will be involved in the planning process by deciding the necessary steps that need to be taken for the project to be accomplished(Aquinas, 2010). Furthermore, it is important to note that managers are important in that they play the role of organizing. This involves formation of teams as well as providing the appropriate resources that can be used in completing tasks(Janićijević, 2013). Organizing also involves giving authority as well as assigning the staffs in the company respective duties. Managers are also important within organizations because they provide the staffing and make decisions on human resource s. After assessing the needs that certain operations within an organization require, a manager will take the responsibility of sourcing for the right employees, recruiting as well as ensuring that they are capable of handling the duties(Aghina, Smet, & Heywood, 2014). The human resource manager is often the person in charge of staffing and ensures that there are enough staffs that can carry out the operations for the success of an organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Apart from the above important roles of a manager, they are also important because they provide leadership. The success of an organization will greatly depend on the type of leadership that is offered within the company(Koontz, &Weihrich, 2007). Managers often motivate, guide, communicate as well as encourage the employees under their leadership to perform well within the company. The managers also are important towards the success of an organization since they help employees in solving problems that they may face in the course of carrying out their duties. Therefore, through the leadership qualities, managers are able to help a company or business become successful. Finally, managers are importance within an organization since they provide control within an organization(Janićijević, 2013). It is important that there must be frequent and continuous checks to ensure that operations of an organization are in line for the success of t he company. Therefore, to ensure that all things run as required and that there are no loopholes in the operations of an organization, a manager must be available. Task 2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Organizational structure refers to the arrangement in a hierarchical order which depicts the lines of authority as they are supposed to be within an organization. Furthermore, organizational structure depicts the channels of communication, duties as well as the rights as they should flow within the organization from the top ranking officers to the lower or junior employees. Organizational structure is of great importance because it helps in outlining how an organization operates in terms of roles, responsibilities as well as the powers and how they are assigned to each person in the company (Koontz, &Weihrich, 2007). It helps in ensuring that there is proper coordination of operations within an organization and proper control is maintained to avoid conflicts. Furthermore, it is also to be noted that organizational structures within organizations are important in identifying how information flows within the organization. PRESIDENT/CEO Figure 1: Organizational chart VP-PRODUCTION VP-MARJKETING VP-SALES MANAGER1 MANAGER1 MANAGER1 MANAGER2 MANAGER2 MANAGER2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The different levels of management, that is the top level, middle level, as well as the bottom level management often work closely with each other to ensure that the primary objectives of an organization are net both in the short run and in the long run. It is important to observe that the organizational structure of any given company will primarily depend on the objectives of the organization as well as its strategies (Krot, &Lewicka, 2012). When an organization has a centralized structure, it means that the overall decision making within the organization is made at the top level management of the company. Furthermore, under a centralized structure, the top management has great and tight control over all the divisions as well as the departments within the organization and often those departments have different levels of independence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An organizational structure is important in that it helps to outline what steps different stakeholders need to take when dealing with the organization. Furthermore, it is to be noted that organizational structure helps in maintaining accountability(Aquinas, 2010). Through an organizational structure, one is able to know who is supposed to be held responsible in case certain things happen in the company. Every person has their roles outlined in the structure hence high level of accountability is maintained. It is also important in the success of an organization because it helps in the maximization of resources (Rolà ­nek, Vrchota, Kubecovà ¡, &Ã…  varovà ¡, 2014). The organizational structure is important because the resources can be allocated properly by following the right channel of communication as outlined by the structure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In an organizational structure, the different levels of management are involved in making different types of decisions for the benefit of the organization (Chisa, 2014). It is to be noted that the strategic decisions which are often long term decisions of an organization are made by the top level management. These are decisions which shape as well as direct the operations of an organization as a whole and therefore the senior managers are the ones that make such decisions. The top level management often make their decisions which affect the stakeholders of the organization such as the shareholders as well as the internal stakeholders. The impact of the strategic decisions can be said to be greater than the impact of the operational decisions since the strategic decisions influence the tactical and the operational decisions to be made by other managers. On the other hand, the tactical decisions within an organization are often made by the m iddle level management. These are decisions which are made and help in the implementation of the strategies of an organization(Aquinas, 2010). The middle level management work closely with the top level management so that the strategies formulated and the tactical decisions made by the middle level management can result in to positive results.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The tactical decisions will often rely on market research and data to ensure that the implementation of the strategies provide positive results in the long run. Finally, the operational decisions within an organization are often made by the middle or the junior management in an organization (Takahara, &Mesarovic, 2003). These decisions often involve the daily routine activities that are performed within the organization. For example the decision to change shift for employees from time to time is an operational decision made by a junior manager. Task 3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unilever Plcis one of the multinational corporations that deal in consumer products as well as services across the globe. The vision and mission of Unilever Plc is â€Å"helping people to look good, feel good and get more out of life.† The vision and mission of the company is to provide customer with consumer products that are of high quality and affordable (own website). The corporate strategy which Unilever has continued to use is that of providing products that meet the expectations of the consumers as well as ensuring that the prices are affordable hence attractive to customers. Packaging and branding is another corporate strategy the company has been using, ensuring that all its products are packaged in a unique way(own website).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SWOT analysis refers to the analysis conducted on a company to check on its strengths, weaknesses, the various opportunities it has as well as the threats that it faces in the course of carrying out its operations (Unilever SWOT Analysis, 2012). This analysis helps in determining whether a company is in a better position as compared to its competitors and can help in making important decisions. It helps in identifying opportunities which a company can take on as well as the weaknesses which a company can build on to improve its performance. Unilever makes use of the SWOT analysis to help make major business decisions such as the pricing of its products as well as packaging and how to handle competition(Unilever SWOT Analysis, 2012). Under SWOT analysis, the strengths of the company include innovation and new products launching, a strong portfolio for its brands as well as it has made strategic acquisitions. The weakness of the company is r ecalling of its products which affects its revenue. The opportunities include growing new markets such as home and personal care(Unilever SWOT Analysis, 2012). However, it is faced with the threat of counterfeit products in the market. Organizational culture is also important in performance of a company. In the case of Unilever, the company can improve its performance if its changes its culture of having a wide range of products under one brand (Unilever SWOT Analysis, 2012). The company needs to rebrand and have different portfolios for its products categorized for each consumer group. References Aghina, W., De Smet, A., & Heywood, S. (2014).The past and future of global organizations. Mckinsey Quarterly, (3), 97-106. Aquinas, P. G. (2010).Organization structure and design: Applications and challenges. New Delhi: Excel Books. Chisa, E. (2014). Evolution of the Product Manager.Communications Of The ACM, 57(11), 48-52. doi:10.1145/2669480 Csaszar, F. A. (2012). Organizational structure as a determinant of performance: Evidence from mutual funds. Strategic Management Journal, 33(6), 611-632. doi:10.1002/smj.1969 Janićijević, N. (2013). THE MUTUAL IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND STRUCTURE.EkonomskiAnali / Economic Annals, 58(198), 35-60. doi:10.2298/EKA1398035J Koontz, H., &Weihrich, H. (2007).Essentials of management: An international perspective. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. Krot, K., &Lewicka, D. (2012).THE IMPORTANCE OF TRUST IN MANAGER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIPS.International Journal Of Electronic Business Management, 10(3), 224-233. Rolà ­nek, L., Vrchota, J., Kubecovà ¡, J., &Ã…  varovà ¡, M. (2014).THE LEVEL OF PROCESS MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES APPLICATION IN SMEs IN THE SELECTED REGION OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC.Serbian Journal Of Management, 9(2), 203-217. doi:10.5937/sjm9-6376 Takahara, Y., &Mesarovic, M. (2003).Organization structure: Cybernetic systems foundation. London: Kluwer Academic/Plenum. Unilever SWOT Analysis. (2012). Unilever SWOT Analysis, 1-10. Source document

Cdn. Provinces&FederalSystem essays

Cdn. Provinces&FederalSystem essays The Provinces and the Federal System The three areas of federal and provincial relations where decentralization is made evident are as follows: First and foremost is the Judicial Interpretation. When the first Canadian laws were drawn up in1867 Canadas final appeal in constitutional decisions was the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London, England. In section 91 of the 1867 act, in the Peace, Order and Good Government Clause (POGG) all powers in section 92 are left to the federal government. In this section there were 29 examples given of federal power. It was later decided that these examples were real federal government powers and ignored the POGG clause except in time of national emergency. This, as a result of decentralization and the ways certain laws were interpreted, made the difference between federal and provincial jurisdiction. An example of this change would be the Toronto Electric Commissioners vs. Snider, 1925, were the federal legislation to deal with serious strikes was ruled unconstitutional because labour and management relations fall under the matters of property and civil rights which is prov incial jurisdiction and could only be subject to federal legislation if it were an emergency. The second area where decentralization is made evident is in federal and provincial finance. At confederation the federal government was originally given the power to levy all kinds of taxes while the province could only tax directly. As a result of decentralization both government were more or less independent of each other on taxing and spending. An example of this would be the fact that both governments levy their own taxes e.g. corporate and personal tax. Since WWII the levels government of government are becoming more intertwined in federal and provincial financial matters, such as provinces levying a percentage of the federal tax. The third area where decentralization is...

Battle of Waxhaws in the American Revolution

Battle of Waxhaws in the American Revolution The Battle of Waxhaws was fought May 29, 1780, during the American Revolution (1775-1783) and was one of several American defeats in the South that summer. In late 1778, with the fighting in the northern colonies increasingly becoming a stalemate, the British began to expand their operations to the south. This saw troops under Lieutenant Colonel Archibald Campbell land and capture Savannah, GA on December 29. Reinforced, the garrison withstood a combined Franco-American attack led by Major General Benjamin Lincoln and  Vice Admiral Comte dEstaing the following year. Seeking to expand this foothold, the British commander-in-chief in North America,  Lieutenant General Sir Henry Clinton, mounted a large expedition in 1780 to capture Charleston, SC. The Fall of Charleston Though Charleston had defeated an earlier British attack in 1776, Clintons forces were able to capture the city and Lincolns garrison on May 12, 1780 after a seven-week siege. The defeat marked the largest surrender of American troops during the war and left the Continental Army without a sizable force in the South. Following the American capitulation, British forces under Clinton occupied the city. Escaping North Six days later, Clinton dispatched Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis with 2,500 men to subdue the South Carolina back country. Advancing from the city, his force crossed the Santee River and moved towards Camden. En route, he learned from local Loyalists that South Carolina Governor John Rutledge was attempting to escape to North Carolina with a force of 350 men. This contingent was led by Colonel Abraham Buford and consisted of the 7th Virginia Regiment, two companies of the 2nd Virginia, 40 light dragoons, and two 6-pdr guns. Though his command included several veteran officers, the majority of Bufords men were untested recruits. Buford had originally been ordered south to aid in the Siege of Charleston, but when the city was invested by the British he received new directions from Lincoln to assume a position at Lenuds Ferry on the Santee River. Reaching the ferry, Buford soon learned of the citys fall and commenced withdrawing from the area. Retreating back toward North Carolina, he had a large lead on Cornwallis. Understanding that his column was too slow to catch the fleeing Americans, Cornwallis detached a mobile force under Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton on May 27 to run down Bufords men. Departing Camden late on May 28, Tarleton continued his pursuit of the fleeing Americans. Armies Commanders Americans Colonel Abraham Buford420 men British Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarleton270 men The Chase Tarletons command consisted of 270 men drawn from the 17th Dragoons, Loyalist British Legion, and a 3-pdr gun. Riding hard, Tarletons men covered over 100 miles in 54 hours. Warned of Tarletons rapid approach, Buford sent Rutledge ahead towards Hillsborough, NC with a small escort. Reaching Rugeleys Mill mid-morning on May 29, Tarleton learned that the Americans had camped there the previous night and were around 20 miles ahead. Pressing forward, the British column caught up with Buford around 3:00 PM at a location six miles south of the border near Waxhaws. The Battle of Waxhaws Defeating the American rearguard, Tarleton sent a messenger to Buford. Inflating his numbers to scare the American commander, he demanded Bufords surrender. Buford delayed responding while his men reached a more favorable position before replying, Sir, I reject your proposals, and shall defend myself to the last extremity. To meet Tarletons attack, he deployed his infantry into a single line with a small reserve to the rear. Opposite, Tarleton moved directly to assault the American position without waiting for his entire command to arrive. Forming his men on a small rise opposite the American line, he divided his men into three groups with one assigned to strike the enemy right, another the center, and the third the left. Moving forward, they began their charge approximately 300 yards from the Americans. As the British approached, Buford ordered his men to hold their fire until they were 10-30 yards away. While an appropriate tactic against infantry, it proved disastrous against cavalry. The Americans were able to fire one volley before Tarletons men shattered their line. With the British dragoons hacking with their sabers, the Americans began surrender while others fled the field. What happened next is a subject of controversy. One Patriot witness, Dr. Robert Brownfield, claimed that Buford waved a white flag to surrender. As he called for quarter, Tarletons horse was shot, throwing the British commander the ground. Believing their commander to have been attacked under a flag of truce, the Loyalists renewed their attack, slaughtering the remaining Americans, including wounded. Brownfield insinuates that this continuation of hostilities was encouraged by Tarleton (Brownfield Letter). Other Patriot sources claim that Tarleton ordered the renewed attack as he did not wish to be encumbered with prisoners. Regardless, the butchery continued with American troops, including wounded, being struck down. In his report after the battle, Tarleton stated that his men, believing him struck down, continued the fight with a vindictive asperity not easily restrained. After approximately fifteen minutes of fighting the battle concluded. Only around 100 Americans, including Buford, succeeded in escaping the field. Aftermath The defeat at Waxhaws cost Buford 113 killed, 150 wounded, and 53 captured. British losses were a light 5 killed and 12 wounded. The action at Waxhaws quickly earned Tarleton nicknames such as Bloody Ban and Ban the Butcher. In addition, the term Tarletons Quarter quickly came to mean that no mercy would be given. The defeat became a rallying cry in the region and led many to flock to the Patriot cause. Among those were numerous local militias, particularly those from over the Appalachian Mountains, which would play a key role at the Battle of Kings Mountain that October. Vilified by the Americans, Tarleton was decisively defeated by Brigadier General Daniel Morgan at the Battle of Cowpens in January 1781. Remaining with Cornwallis army, he was captured at the Battle of Yorktown. In negotiating the British surrender, special arrangements had to be made to protect Tarleton due to his unsavory reputation. After the surrender, the American officers invited all of their British counterparts to dine with them but specifically forbade Tarleton from attending.